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弥生 · YayoiSociety16 sentences

ムラからクニへ

From Villages to Kingdoms

Through rice farming, the people of the Yayoi period became able to produce a lot of rice.

Rice was a precious form of wealth that could be stored for a long time.

A gap between rich and poor arose between those who had much rice and those who had little.

A village needed people to decide the farming work and to hold ceremonies.

Such people became the leaders of the village.

A leader who has power is also called a chief (shuchō).

Paddy fields need a lot of water.

For that reason, villages sometimes fought with each other over water and land.

Traces of such fighting have been found at archaeological sites.

Human bones with stone arrowheads stuck in them, and skeletons without heads, have been found.

These are thought to show that fighting between villages increased.

The moated villages (kangō shūraku), with ditches dug around them, are thought to have been for defense against enemies.

It is thought that in the course of these conflicts, several villages joined together and small states called kuni gradually formed.

The Chinese history book Hou Hanshu (Gokanjo) says that in the latter half of the second century there was the Great Disorder of Wa (Wakoku Tairan).

The Wakoku Tairan was a great conflict that broke out among the lands of Wa.

Wa was the name that Chinese people of that time used for the people and lands of Japan.

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