縄文人の体と暮らし
The Jōmon People
縄文人は、どんな体をしていたのでしょうか。
What kind of bodies did the Jōmon people have?
出てきた人骨を調べると、背はあまり高くなく、男の人で約百五十八センチ、女の人で約百四十七センチでした。
Examination of the excavated human bones shows they were not very tall, about 158 centimeters for men and about 147 centimeters for women.
顔は彫りが深く、体は筋肉が発達していたことがわかっています。
We know that they had deep-set facial features and well-developed muscles.
毎日、歩いたり、走ったり、重い物を運んだりして、よく体を動かしていたからです。
This was because every day they walked, ran, and carried heavy things, using their bodies a great deal.
ただし、生活は楽ではありませんでした。
However, life was not easy.
食べ物が少ない年もあり、病気になる人も多くいました。
There were years when food was scarce, and many people fell ill.
大人になる前に亡くなる子どもも、たくさんいました。
Many children also died before they grew up.
そのため、今の人より、寿命はずっと短かったと考えられています。
For that reason, it is thought that their life expectancy was much shorter than that of people today.
縄文人の骨を調べると、海に近いムラの人は魚や貝を、山に近いムラの人は木の実や肉を多く食べていたことがわかります。
Examining their bones shows that people in villages near the sea ate a lot of fish and shellfish, and people near the mountains ate more nuts and meat.
また、人骨の一部は、貝塚の中に、きちんと埋められていました。
In addition, some of the human bones had been carefully buried inside shell mounds.
貝塚は、ごみを捨てる場所であると同時に、大切な人を送る場所でもあったようです。
It seems that a shell mound was a place for throwing away rubbish and, at the same time, a place for laying loved ones to rest.
縄文人の遺伝子の一部は、今の日本人にも受けつがれています。
Part of the genes of the Jōmon people has been passed down to the Japanese of today as well.