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Grammar › N2 · 13 Obligation and permission

〜ねばならない: must; have to (stiff)

N2 · 13 Obligation and permission

Says that something must be done, in a written and stiff way.

Verb ない-form without ない + ねばならない; する becomes せねばならない. Written, speech and rules. A stiff form of 〜なければならない. The meaning is the same, but it sounds firm or formal.

Examples

We must keep our promises.

To reach a conclusion, we must investigate further.

Study 〜ねばならない in the course →