Grammar › N3 · 13 Particles and endings, more

〜ず(に): without doing

N3 · 13 Particles and endings, more

Written negative: not doing, without doing.

Verb negative stem + ず(に). する→せず. Often 〜ずに = 〜ないで. Formal and written, but common in speech with 食べずに etc.

Examples

傘かさを持もたずに出でかけた。

I went out without taking an umbrella.

何なにも言いわず、彼かれは帰かえった。

Saying nothing, he went home.