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Grammar › N4 · 03 Obligation, advice & negatives

〜なければならない: must; have to

N4 · 03 Obligation, advice & negatives

States an obligation: not doing it would be unacceptable.

ない-form: drop い, add ければならない. Variants: 〜なければいけない, 〜なくてはならない. Spoken: 〜なきゃ. It cannot mean "must not" (use 〜てはいけない).

Examples

I have to hand in my homework by tomorrow.

I have to take medicine every day.

Study 〜なければならない in the course →